Characterization of alveolar soft part sarcoma of the tongue: A clinico-pathologic study and scoping review

Background: Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumour. There is a dearth of literature analyzing its features on the tongue.Objectives: This study aims to conduct a scoping review to describe the essential clinico-pathologic features, treatment modalities and outcome of previously reported tongue ASPS (TASPS) and new cases at our center.Methods: A search of databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane and Google Scholar) and the internet for articles on TASPS written in English was conducted. Information extracted included clinico-pathological and demographic data. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis.Results: A total of 49 articles were eligible for this study. In all, 81 cases were utilized. Asian studies accounted for most cases 35(43.2%) and a slight female preponderance of 1.1 was seen. Most cases - 38 (46.9%), occurred in the 1st decade and the base of tongue was the most common location in 19 (39.6%) cases. Also, tumour metastasis was present in 14 (25.9%) cases. Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) – 8 (24.2%) and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) – 8 (24.2%) were the most common immunohistochemical stains used and were both expressed 7 out of 8 cases (87.5%). Most common treatment modality was surgery and 42 (82.4%) cases managed by surgery alone were free of disease at < 5 years of follow up.Conclusions: TASPS slightly affected the female gender and tongue base more commonly. It occurred more in the first two decades of life. Use of standard investigative tools for management will allow for better appraisal of research findings. &nbsp

Dysplastic Papilliferous Basaloid Ameloblastoma: Report of a Case

Papilliferous ameloblastoma is an uncommon histologic variant of ameloblastoma. About five cases have been reported in the English literature till date. All five showed squamous differentiation with keratin formation and were diagnosed as papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. The present lesionshows basaloid differentiation and mild dysplasia in addition to papilliferous projections, thus termed dysplastic papilliferous basaloid  ameloblastoma.  Ameloblastoma, the most common odostoma has not ceased to intrigue pathologists with its diverse histomorphological patterns. Therefore, we present this uncommon lesion in a 50 year old man with right mandibular swelling. Key words: Papilliferous, Basaloid, Ameloblastoma, Dysplastic, Nonhealing socket

Perception and utilization of oral histopathology services by general practice dentist in Southwest Nigeria

Background: Oral histopathology services are oral diagnostic procedures. General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) are routinely exposed to oral lesions that require biopsies. Hence, the study’s objective of assessing the perception and the utilization of oral histopathology services by GDPs.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at dental clinics distributed across Southwest Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of sections addressing the socio-demographic/professional aspects; the beliefs of GDPs and their utilization of oral histopathology services was used to collect data. A modified 5-point Likert rating scale was used to indicate the extent of agreement or disagreement with statement constructs. Analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 20.0. Significance was assessed at 5%.Results: There were 56.1% males and 43.9% females. The peak age range was 30-39 years (35.4%), while 58.5% had < 10 years of practice and 79.3% work in government dental centres. Many of the respondents (61.0%) thought suspicious lesions should be biopsied, 47.6% thought that specialists’ skills were not required for biopsy. Furthermore, 53.7% had poor perception scores while 81.1% of those who had seen oral lesions that required biopsies, had poor utilization scores.Conclusion: The GDPs had a poor perception and utilization of oral histopathology services. Continuous medical education is needed to increase awareness amongst dentists.Keywords: Oral; Histopathology; General dental practice; Southwest Nigeri

Kimura’s disease in a Nigerian: Case report

Kimura’s disease (KD) is a chronic inflammatory disease presenting as multiple  subcutaneous swellings within the head and neck region. Aetiology has been suggested to be due to allergy or an immune response and it’s predominantly seen in young and middle-aged males. Histopathologically, hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue, with well-developed lymphoid follicles and marked infiltration of eosinophils are seen. KD is a relatively rare disease previously reported to be endemic in Asians of Chinese decent. However, they can constitute a diagnostic challenge where there is low index of suspicion. Therefore, we report a case of KD in an adult male Nigerian

Relationship between Serum Albumin and Oral Epithelial Cancers in Patients Seen at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and displays great geographic variation in its incidence worldwide. While tobacco and alcohol are the major aetiological factors, other important aetiological factors include diet, infections, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This study attempts to determine whether there is any association between serum albumin levels and the risk of oral epithelial cancer. Thirty-three oral cancer patients seen over an eighteen months period and thirty control patients were recruited from the Dental Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples from these patients were analyzed for albumin using a spectrophotometer. The mean serum albumin level was significantly lower in the oral cancer patients than in the control group (p<.001). The risk of oral cancer was 32 times more in patients with low serum albumin levels (<3.5g/dl) compared to 1.09 and 4.05 for alcohol and tobacco respectively. On logistic regression analysis, low serum albumin independently predicted the occurrence of oral cancer. Further studies are required to substantiate if the low serum albumin is a cause or an effect of oral cancer

Bronchogenic cyst of the tongue in an infant: a case report and review of literature

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital lesions and represent the most common primary cysts of the media stinum. However, extra thoracic bronchogenic cysts are uncommon occurrences and very few bronchogenic cysts in intraoral sites have been reported. Lingual bronchogenic cysts are rare and are considered by many authors to be choristomas. Although the aethiopathogenesis is not known with certainty, it has been suggested that the cysts may arise from undifferentiated embryonic rests of primitive foregut that are misplaced or entrapped between parts of the developing tongue. This case report discussed the case of a large lingual bronchogenic cyst of the tongue in 31 day old infant that enucleation of cyst done without recurrence 12 months after treatment

Orofacial cancers: pattern and management in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the developing countries where the incidence is higher and appears to be increasing. This study aims to document the pattern, management and survivorship of patients with orofacial cancers as seen at a tertiary healthcare facilityin Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who presented at our centre with orofacial cancers in the period between January 2010 and December. Patients' demographics, location of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, treatment given and follow-up events were extracted from the records. Patient with insufficient data for analysis were excluded. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.Results: 21,090 patients were seen during the study period and 228 of the 1,029 biopsies done were malignant. The study included 213 patients (121 males and 92 females. mean age 48.2 years) with orofacial cancers. The commonest sites were the jaws (48.8%), palate (13.1%) and the tongue (7.5%).Carcinomas constituted 71.8% and were the commonest malignancies. All patients presented in stages III (34.6%) or IV (65.4%). 39.4% of patients  had no treatment instituted and surgery alone (21.9%) was the commonest treatment provided. The mean interval between treatment and recurrence was 3.0 months while mean expiration period was 13.5 months.Conclusion: Treatment conferred a higher probability of survival. Patients treated with surgery (and radiotherapy/chemotherapy) survived better than those treated non-aggressively. In general, about a third (30.8%) of orofacial cancer patients were alive at 5 years post presentation and about 50% of these survivors were living with the disease.Keywords: Orofacial cancer; outcome; survival; Nigeri